19 July History
- 1525 - The Catholic princes of Germany form the Dessau League to fight against the Reformation.
- 1545 - King Henry VIII of England watches his flagship, Mary Rose, capsize as it leaves to battle the French.
- 1788 - Prices plunge on the Paris stock market.
- 1799 - The Rosetta Stone, a tablet with hieroglyphic translations into Greek, is found in Egypt.
- 1848 - The first Women's Rights Convention convenes in Seneca Falls, N.Y, organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
- 1870 - France declares war on Prussia.
- 1942 - German U-boats are withdrawn from positions off the U.S. Atlantic coast due to American anti-submarine countermeasures.
- 1943 - More than 150 B-17 and 112 B-24 bombers attack Rome for the first time.
- 1975 - Apollo and Soyuz spacecrafts dock in orbit.
19 July Birthdays
- 1814 - Samuel Colt, gunmaker, inventor of the first practical revolver.
- 1834 - Edgar Degas, French impressionist painter.
- 1860 - Lizzie Borden, teacher, famous murder suspect.
- 1865 - Charles Mayo, American surgeon, co-founder of the Mayo Clinic.
- 1893 - Vladimir Mayakovsky, Russian poet.
- 1896 - A.J. Cronin, Scottish novelist (The Citadel, The Keys of the Kingdom).
- 1905 - Edgar Snow, journalist.
- 1922 - George McGovern, U.S. senator and presidential candidate.